Paternity Test
A paternity test is a DNA test that can verify the biological relationship between an alleged father and a child using DNA samples.
When is paternity testing used?
Paternity testing is one of the most common forms of DNA testing. It is often used in legal cases, such as for child support, immigration, and adoption. It is also performed when families want to satisfy their curiosity or gain peace of mind.
Who is typically involved?
In a paternity test, the alleged father and the child are tested. If she is available, the biological mother of the child is also included to
provide additional genetic information and simplify the testing process. The testing combination of a child, a mother, and an alleged
father is frequently called a trio. If the mother is not involved, then the testing process is called motherless paternity testing.
How are the samples collected?
Samples can be collected in several ways. Buccal swabbing
 is the most common collection technique, though several alternatives
to it exist. Be sure to speak with the DNA testing company you choose to determine the best collection option for your situation.
It is important that you speak with the company through which you plan your paternity test before you make a decision on which type of samples to use.
You can learn more about DNA sample collection procedures by visiting the Sample Collection page.
How long can the results take?
Most paternity testing companies can offer your results in 5 to 7 business days. Some offer faster results for higher fees.
Ultimately, the time needed to perform the paternity test will depend on the type of sample used and tested parties involved.
How conclusive are the results?
Paternity tests are typically very conclusive. There are two possible results for a paternity test:
- The alleged father is not the biological father
- The alleged father is the biological father
If the alleged father is determined not to be the biological father of the child, then he is said to be “excluded” from paternity and will have a probability of paternity of 0%.
If the alleged father is determined to be the biological father of the child, then he is said to be “not excluded” from paternity and will have a probability of paternity of above 99.5%. You should typically expect the probability to be above 99.9%, though each case is different. The higher the percentage is, the more likely it is that the alleged father is the biological father of the child as compared to a random male in the same population.
It is impossible to have a probability of paternity of 100% because this would require the DNA testing laboratory to test every male in the world.
What is the typical price range for paternity testing?
The cost of paternity testing depends on the type of paternity test you need.
If you need in-home paternity testing (that you do not intend to use in legal proceedings), the price can range from $175 to $350.
If you need paternity testing that can be used in court or for any legal situations (child support, adoption, or immigration, among others), the price of the test increases. Legal tests, often called chain of custody tests, range from $400 to $600.
You can learn more about the reasons behind the wide range of testing costs by visiting the price differences page.
What else should you know about paternity testing?
You need to consider the future use of your paternity test results before you choose your paternity testing service, as you will need to choose between an in-home test and a chain of custody test. You can learn more by visiting the Do you need a chain of custody test? page.
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